及物动词
能跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。英语中的动词大多数为及物动词，及物动词又可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词和跟复合宾语的及物动词等。
常用的跟双宾语的及物动词
A. 间接宾语位于直接宾语后时加to的及物动词: （將某物）
Bring give hand pass post promise read lend return show teach tell
- borrow不可以
• Hand me that book, please.
(= hand that book to me )请 把 那 本 书递 给 我 。
B. 间接宾语位于直接宾语后加for的及物动词: （為某人做某事）
buy choose cook draw find fetch make order paint puichase save spare
C. 间接宾语位于直接宾语后时既可加to也可加for的及物动词:
•do 做 • sing 唱歌 • bring 带来
• I’ll bring you some stamps. = I’ll bring some stamps to/for you.
我会给你带些邮票来。
常用的跟复合宾语的及物动词
「複合賓語」不是一個正式且普遍接受的英文語法術語，但它通常被用來指代一個特定的句子結構：「動詞 + 賓語 (Object) + 賓語補語 (Object Complement)」。
它就像一個形容詞或名詞，專門服務於它前面的那個賓語。
賓語補語 (Object Complement) 的定義與位置
1. 定義
賓語補語是放在直接賓語之後的成分，用來：
- 說明賓語現在的狀態。 (例：使它變 happy)
- 指出賓語被改變後的身份。 (例：選他當 president)
- 描述賓語正在進行的動作。 (例：看見他 running)
英語複合賓語動詞 (S + V + O + C) 清單
A. 賓語補語 (C) 為【形容詞 (Adjective)】或【形容詞短語】
| 類別 | 動詞 (V) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 認定/發現 | consider | 認為 | I consider him honest. |
| find | 發現/認為 | I find the book very interesting. | |
| think | 認為 | She thinks the job easy. | |
| imagine | 想像/誤認為 | I imagine life boring. | |
| judge | 判斷 | The judge judged him guilty. | |
| 致使/保持 | make | 使 | The news made me sad. |
| drive | 迫使 | The noise almost drove me mad. | |
| get | 使 | He got his hands dirty. | |
| keep | 使保持 | Keep the window open. | |
| leave | 使處於 | Don’t leave me alone. | |
| set | 使處於 | Set the birds free. | |
| 操作/改變 | paint | 油漆/使…變 | They painted the fence green. |
| dye | 染 | She dyed her hair red. | |
| knock | 敲擊/使…處於 | He knocked the glass over (副詞作補語，但意思相似)。 | |
| push | 推/使…處於 | Push the door shut. | |
| wipe | 擦 | Wipe the table clean. | |
| 選舉/命名 | elect | 選舉 | We elected him chairman (通常接名詞，此處作為類別A/B過渡)。 |
| name | 命名 | They named the street Victory Avenue (通常接名詞，此處作為類別A/B過渡)。 |
导出到 Google 表格
B. 賓語補語 (C) 為【名詞 (Noun)】或【名詞短語】
| 類別 | 動詞 (V) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 任命/推選 | appoint | 任命 | They appointed him Minister. |
| elect | 選舉 | We elected her representative. | |
| vote | 競選/推選 | They voted him leader. | |
| make | 使…成為 | We made Jeffrey head of our team. | |
| 稱呼/命名 | call | 叫/稱呼 | We call the dog Buddy. |
| name | 命名 | They named their daughter Lily. | |
| 認定 | find | 認為 | We find her a good teacher. |
| keep | 認為 (較不常用) | I keep him a friend. |
导出到 Google 表格
C. 賓語補語 (C) 為【帶 to 的不定式 (to V) 】
| 類別 | 動詞 (V) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 勸告/要求 | advise | 建議 | He advised us to discuss the report. |
| ask | 要求 | I asked her to wait. | |
| order | 命令 | The captain ordered us to halt. | |
| tell | 告誡/吩咐 | Mother often tells me to make friends carefully. | |
| warn | 警告 | We warned them to be careful. | |
| 允許/期望 | allow | 允許 | The rules allow us to leave early. |
| expect | 期望 | I expect you to succeed. | |
| wish | 希望 | I wish you to be happy. | |
| want | 想要 | They want us to try again. | |
| 促使/教導 | get | 促使/讓人 | Can you get the car to start? |
| invite | 邀請 | She invited him to join the party. | |
| teach | 教 | My father taught me to swim. |
导出到 Google 表格
D. 賓語補語 (C) 為【(to be+)名詞 或 形容詞】
| 動詞 (V) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example) |
|---|---|---|
| believe | 相信/認為 | I believe what you said to be true. |
| consider | 認為/考慮 | We consider the matter (to be) urgent. |
| declare | 宣布 | They declared the election (to be) valid. |
| find | 發現/認為 | You will find it (to be) a difficult book. |
| imagine | 想像/誤認為 | I imagine him (to be) quite wealthy. |
| know | 知道/了解 | I know him to be a kind person. |
| prove | 證明 | They proved the suspect to be innocent. |
| suppose | 猜想/假設 | I supposed him to be busy. |
导出到 Google 表格
E. 賓語補語 (C) 為【不帶 to 的不定式 (V 原形)】
| 類別 | 動詞 (V) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 感官動詞 | see | 看見 | I saw him leave the room. |
| hear | 聽見 | We heard the bell ring. | |
| feel | 感覺 | I felt the temperature drop. | |
| notice | 注意到 | He noticed a man enter the office. | |
| watch | 觀看 | She watched the children play. | |
| 使役動詞 | make | 使 | He made me laugh. |
| let | 讓/允許 | Let me go. | |
| have | 讓/使 | I’ll have my assistant call you. |
导出到 Google 表格
F. 賓語補語 (C) 為【現在分詞 (V-ing) 】
| 類別 | 動詞 (V) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 感官動詞 | see, hear, feel, notice, observe, watch | 看/聽/感覺等 | Can you hear someone playing the piano? |
| smell | 聞到 | I smell something burning. | |
| 持續/開始 | catch | 抓住 (正在做某事) | They caught him stealing. |
| discover | 發現 (正在) | We discovered the stream running dry. | |
| find | 發現 (正在) | We found him waiting outside. | |
| get | 使 (開始) | I got the engine running. | |
| have | 讓/使 (持續) | Don’t have people waiting for you. | |
| keep | 使保持 (持續) | Keep the wheels turning. |
导出到 Google 表格
G. 賓語補語 (C) 為【過去分詞 (V-ed) 】
| 類別 | 動詞 (V) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 使役/狀態 | feel, find, get, hear, make, notice | 感覺/發現/讓人等 | I often hear his song sung by my father. |
| want/wish | 想要 (某事被完成) | I want the work finished by tomorrow. | |
| have | 讓人做某事 | I must have my car repaired. |
导出到 Google 表格
H. 賓語補語 (C) 為【副詞 (Adverb)】
| 動詞 (V) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example) |
|---|---|---|
| ask | 叫/讓 | Can I ask Bob in? |
| drive | 開車送 | He drove me home. |
| find | 發現 | We found the key outside. |
| get | 使/讓 | I will get the papers ready. (ready 是形容詞，但 often 跟副詞連用) |
| invite | 邀請 | We invited them over. |
| let | 讓 | Let them out. |
| order | 命令 | The officer ordered him back. |
| see | 看見 | I saw him off. |
| shut | 關閉 | Shut the door to. |
| show | 引領 | Show the visitor in. |
导出到 Google 表格
I. 賓語補語 (C) 為【介詞短語 (Prepositional Phrase)】
| 動詞 (V) | 中文意思 | 範例 (Example) |
|---|---|---|
| discover | 發現 | They discovered the treasure under the sea. |
| find | 發現 | I found my phone on the table. |
| get | 使/讓 | I got him out of trouble. |
| have | 讓/使 | Don’t have children at home all day. |
| hear | 聽見 | I heard the noise from the next room. |
| keep | 保持 | Keep all these books on the shelf. |
| notice | 注意到 | She noticed him by the window. |
| see | 看見 | I saw him in the crowd. |
不及物动词
不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。在英语中大多数动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，纯不及物动词很少。